Background
With the growing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs), Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) has emerged as a promising technology to enable bidirectional power exchange between EVs and the power grid. In particular, DC V2G offers advantages such as higher efficiency, simplified onboard charger requirements, and greater compatibility with high-power fast charging systems.

At RISE, preparations are currently being made for V2G demonstrations and testbeds, including hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) and power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) platforms, and grid simulators. To fully exploit these infrastructures, accurate plant models and well-designed control methods are needed for DC V2G, enabling the assessment of dynamic performance, grid support capabilities, and interoperability with standards.

Objectives
The primary objective of this thesis is to model and evaluate DC V2G systems with a focus on control strategies. Specifically, the thesis will:
- Develop a dynamic plant model of a DC V2G system, including the EV battery, conversion stage, and grid-side interface.
- Implement and compare different control methods for DC V2G, such as droop-based control, hierarchical control, and optimization-based approaches.
- Evaluate system performance in terms of stability, power quality, and grid support under various operating conditions.

Scope and Methodology

1. Literature Review
- Review DC V2G standards and state of the art.
- Analyze academic approaches of DC V2G control strategies.

2. Plant Modeling
- Review and Develop EV battery and converter modeling.
- Grid-side interface modelling

- Implementation in MATLAB/Simulink

3. Control Strategy Development
- Grid-following and grid-forming DC V2G controllers.
- Power and SOC management strategies.

4. Simulation and Validation
- Evaluate performance
- Analyze system dynamic response and efficiency.
- Relate findings to V2G testbed capabilities for future HiLs experimental validation.

Expected Contributions

- A validated simulation model of a DC V2G system suitable for control-oriented analysis.

- Model application to the real-time simulation system.
- Recommendations for methods applicable to Nordic and European grid conditions.
- A comprehensive thesis report and final presentation.

Prerequisites

- MSc student in Electrical Engineering, Control Engineering, or Power Systems.
- Knowledge of power electronics, control theory, and energy systems.
- Experience with MATLAB/Simulink or similar modeling tools.

Practical Information
Scope: 30 ECTS (20 weeks, full-time).
Location: RISE Boras (remote work partly possible).
Start: [Spring 2026 or as agreed].
Compensation: 10,000 SEK for travel, materials and the like after the project is completed and approved.
Contact: Supervisor: [Xiaoliang Huang, xiaoliang.huang@ri.se and Anna Larsson, RISE, anna.larsson@ri.se].
Application deadline: 26 October 2025.